Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Constructing and Visualizing Models using Mime-based Machine-learning Framework
Published on: July 22, 2025
Identification and validation of key complement system-related genes for recurrent spontaneous abortion via WGCNA and
Lin Chen1, Yu Shao1, Xianshun Pan1
1Department of Gynecology, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang Children's Hospital, No. 63 Ruijin South Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550000 China.
Abstract:
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a major reproductive challenge with multifaceted causes, including genetic and immunological influences. Complement system-related genes (CRGs) have been implicated in RSA pathogenesis, yet their exact roles remain unclear. This study aims to identify related biomarkers for RSA and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Datasets GSE65099 and GSE26787 were obtained from the GEO database. The GSE65099 dataset was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were intersected with key module genes identified from WGCNA to obtain DE-CRGs related to RSA. Then, key CRGs were screened by combined PPI networks, machine learning, and external validation. A nomogram model was developed for the diagnosis of RSA with key CRG expression levels, followed by validation via ROC curve analysis. Transcription factor-key gene and chemical-gene networks were constructed to reveal the potential mechanisms of key CRGs. Totally, 363 DE-CRGs were selected, and GRAP2 and TREM2 were identified as key genes for RSA, which were both upregulated in RSA samples. The two genes showed excellent diagnostic performance in both the training and validation cohorts. GSEA revealed that GRAP2 and TREM2 were involved in immune-related pathways. Immune infiltration analysis showed that GRAP2 and TREM2 had a negative correlation with effector memory CD4 T cells. Drug prediction identified that the two genes had 3 common interacting chemicals, including bisphenol A, tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, and air pollutants. In conclusion, this study identified GRAP2 and TREM2 as key genes for RSA and provided insights into the immune mechanisms underlying the condition.
Supplementary Information:
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-026-00901-3.
More Related Videos
08:58Label-Free Identification of Lymphocyte Subtypes Using Three-Dimensional Quantitative Phase Imaging and Machine Learning
Published on: November 19, 2018
05:25Identification and Protection of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy
Published on: October 24, 2025
Related Concept Videos
Spontaneity
Complement System
Reliability and Validity
Complementation Tests
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
Key Techniques in Microbiology
Key Elements for Plant Nutrition