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Programmed Double-stranded RNA Formation Enables Meiotic Stage Transitions.

Hao Wu1,2,3, Xinan Liu1,3, Yihan Xiong1

  • 1School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|February 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists discovered a new RNA mechanism that clears out old mRNAs during cell division. This process uses double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to remove transcripts, ensuring proper cell fate transitions and gene expression.

Keywords:
Antisense RNAAutophagyDouble-stranded RNAMeiosisProgrammed mRNA DegradationTranscription factorVacuole

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cell fate transitions require precise control of gene expression.
  • Selective removal of pre-existing messenger RNAs (mRNAs) is crucial but poorly understood.
  • Transcription factors orchestrate gene activation but their role in mRNA degradation is less clear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms responsible for selective mRNA removal during cell fate transitions.
  • To identify the role of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) formation in this process.
  • To understand how transcription factors regulate mRNA clearance.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative RNA structure analysis to detect dsRNA formation during meiosis.
  • Long-read sequencing to identify and validate natural antisense transcripts (NATs).
  • Analysis of transcription factor targets, including meiosis-specific factors like Ndt80p.

Main Results:

  • Widespread dsRNA formation was observed during early-to-middle meiosis.
  • Hundreds of NATs were identified, induced by meiosis-specific transcription factors.
  • NATs paired with sense mRNAs, forming dsRNA aggregates targeted for vacuolar clearance via autophagy.
  • This pathway selectively eliminated specific mRNAs, such as NDJ1, before metaphase I.

Conclusions:

  • A novel pathway involving dsRNA formation and NATs mediates selective mRNA clearance during meiosis.
  • Transcription factors play a dual role: activating stage-specific mRNAs and inducing NATs to remove preceding stage transcripts.
  • This mechanism drives bidirectional transcriptome reprogramming for efficient cell fate transitions.