Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

62.2K
Overview
62.2K
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I01:25

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I

2.9K
A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
The health belief model (HBM) attempts to predict health-related behavior in specific belief patterns. According to the HBM, a person's...
2.9K
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II01:18

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II

2.1K
The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results...
2.1K
Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

8.8K
The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...
8.8K
Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

5.3K
When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
5.3K
The Colonization of Land02:22

The Colonization of Land

37.7K
Changes in the environment of the early Earth drove the evolution of organisms. As prokaryotic organisms in the oceans began to photosynthesize, they produced oxygen. Eventually, oxygen saturated the oceans and entered the air, resulting in an increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, known as the oxygen revolution approximately 2.3 billion years ago. Therefore, organisms that could use oxygen for cellular respiration had an advantage. More than 1.5 years ago, eukaryotic cells and...
37.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Discovery and Characterization of Interleukin-4-Specific Affibodies for Affinity-Controlled Protein Release and Macrophage Polarization.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

EMMIs: Engineered Myometrial Microtissues for Direct Quantification of Oxytocin-Induced Contractility.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Oncogene-Mechanics Axis: KRAS G12C Confers Agility Enabling Malignant Mechano-responses to Peristalsis in Colorectal Cancer.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Astrocytes in white matter respond to tensile cues during cortical folding: a numerical study.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds to Engineer the Dormant Landscape of Microscopic Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis.

Advanced healthcare materials·2025
Same author

Seeing deep to map cell-biomaterial interactions <i>via</i> whole mount light sheet imaging and automated analytics in decellularized extracellular matrix models.

Biomaterials science·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation
09:44

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation

Published on: September 11, 2012

22.9K

Modeling Inflammation-Driven Colon Hypertrophy and Motility Changes in Gulf War Illness.

Ahilan Anantha Krishnan1, Shreya A Raghavan2, Maria A Holland1,3

  • 1Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556, IN, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|February 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new computational model simulates how pyridostigmine bromide (PB) exposure causes chronic gastrointestinal (GI) issues in Gulf War Illness (GWI). It reveals macrophage persistence drives long-term motility dysfunction, offering insights for neuroimmune GI disorder treatments.

Keywords:
ColonContractilityHypertrophyNeuroinflammation

More Related Videos

Gastrointestinal Motility Monitor GIMM
08:15

Gastrointestinal Motility Monitor GIMM

Published on: December 1, 2010

31.5K
A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness
12:21

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

Published on: September 28, 2022

3.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation
09:44

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation

Published on: September 11, 2012

22.9K
Gastrointestinal Motility Monitor GIMM
08:15

Gastrointestinal Motility Monitor GIMM

Published on: December 1, 2010

31.5K
A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness
12:21

A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

Published on: September 28, 2022

3.2K

Area of Science:

  • Computational biology
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in Gulf War Illness (GWI).
  • Pyridostigmine bromide (PB) exposure in animal models links to smooth muscle hypertrophy, neuroinflammation, and impaired motility.
  • Existing animal studies offer limited insight into the dynamic interactions of inflammatory, neuronal, and biomechanical processes over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a computational model predicting smooth muscle hypertrophy and colonic motility changes in GWI.
  • To couple cytokine kinetics, macrophage activation, and neuronal imbalance to simulate GWI pathophysiology.
  • To provide a systems-level understanding of acute inflammation evolving into chronic dysmotility.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a computational model integrating cytokine kinetics, macrophage activation, and neuronal imbalance.
  • Calibrated the model using data from mice exposed to PB under acute (7-day) and chronic (30-day) conditions.
  • Performed simulations to predict smooth muscle hypertrophy and colonic motility, validated against experimental data.

Main Results:

  • The model accurately reproduced measured IL-6 elevations, macrophage accumulation, and circular muscle thickening.
  • Simulations captured reduced excitatory stress and sustained loss of inhibitory relaxation, aligning with organ-bath recordings.
  • Sensitivity analyses identified macrophage persistence as a key factor in chronic inhibitory dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • The computational model offers a dynamic, systems-level view of GWI pathophysiology.
  • Macrophage persistence is a critical regulator of chronic colonic dysmotility following PB exposure.
  • The model serves as a foundation for a virtual platform to test interventions for neuroimmune GI disorders.