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Gene function predicts divergence across molecular levels.

Antara Anika Piya1, Ksenia Macias Calix1, Raquel Assis1,2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genes evolve at DNA, RNA, and protein levels, but comparing these changes is difficult. This study develops a framework to standardize evolutionary divergence metrics, revealing how gene function influences evolutionary targets across different biological organization levels.

Keywords:
evolutiongene expressionprotein structureselectionsequence divergence

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular evolution

Background:

  • Genes evolve via changes at DNA, RNA, and protein levels.
  • Comparing evolutionary contributions across these levels is challenging due to incomparable metrics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a standardized framework for comparing evolutionary divergence across protein-coding sequences, gene expression, and protein structures.
  • To investigate how gene function influences evolutionary targets at different biological organization levels.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a standardized framework to compare evolutionary divergence across sequence, expression, and structure data.
  • Applied the framework to data from diverse taxa including Drosophila, rodents, primates, and Arabidopsis.
  • Analyzed correlations between divergence measures and gene functions.

Main Results:

  • Substantial variation in divergence patterns across taxa; only sequence divergence aligns with evolutionary theory.
  • Sequences evolve slowest, protein structures fastest, across all taxa.
  • Weak correlations among divergence measures indicate context-dependent selection targets.
  • Gene function is enriched in genes with specific divergence patterns across levels.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionary targets of genes are dependent on their functions.
  • Selection shapes different levels of biological organization in a function-specific manner.
  • Provides insights into the complex interplay of selection and gene evolution across multiple molecular levels.