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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
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Motor Intention Drives Corticospinal Facilitation during Interception Planning.

Justin R McCurdy1,2, Brendan Jarvis1, Emma Whitman1

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|February 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Preparing to intercept a moving target, not just viewing it, enhances motor cortex activity. Action intention, rather than eye movements, drives this preparatory motor facilitation.

Keywords:
corticospinal excitabilityeye movementsinterception planningmotor preparationtranscranial magnetic stimulationvisuomotor control

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Intercepting moving objects requires integrating visual motion cues with motor preparation.
  • The interplay between action intention and gaze strategy in modulating corticospinal excitability during interception planning is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how action intention and gaze strategy jointly influence corticospinal excitability during interception planning.
  • To differentiate the roles of visual tracking, eye movements, and motor intention in preparatory motor output.

Main Methods:

  • Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to probe corticospinal excitability over the primary motor cortex.
  • Participants either prepared to intercept a moving target or passively viewed its motion.
  • Eye movement strategies (smooth pursuit vs. fixation) and target speeds were manipulated.

Main Results:

  • Preparing to intercept led to robust corticospinal excitability facilitation before movement onset, irrespective of gaze strategy.
  • Passive viewing resulted in sustained corticospinal suppression and speed overestimation.
  • Smooth pursuit improved perceptual accuracy and reduced timing errors compared to fixation, but did not significantly alter corticospinal facilitation.

Conclusions:

  • Motor intention is the primary driver for the transition from corticospinal suppression to facilitation during interception planning.
  • Eye movements modulate perceptual estimates and support behavioral performance but do not independently drive preparatory corticospinal excitability.
  • This study highlights the critical role of action planning in preparing motor output.