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Related Concept Videos

Language01:16

Language

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Components of Language01:24

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language Development01:22

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Language and Cognition01:27

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Searching the Druggable Genome using Large Language Models.

Lars Schimmelpfennig1, Matthew Cannon2, Quentin Cody3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

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|February 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed the DGIdb Model Context Protocol (MCP) server to enable large language models (LLMs) to access drug-gene interaction data. This enhances LLM accuracy for biomedical questions using the Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb).

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Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology
  • Pharmacogenomics

Background:

  • The druggable genome includes genes interacting with drugs.
  • The Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb) is a key resource for drug-gene interactions.
  • Current DGIdb access requires structured queries, limiting natural language use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enable natural language querying of the DGIdb.
  • To integrate large language models (LLMs) with DGIdb for enhanced biomedical knowledge access.
  • To improve the accuracy and accessibility of drug-gene interaction data.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the DGIdb Model Context Protocol (MCP) server.
  • Facilitating LLM access to the DGIdb API.
  • Demonstrating enhanced LLM performance through natural language queries.

Main Results:

  • The MCP server allows LLMs to access up-to-date information from DGIdb.
  • LLMs demonstrate improved ability to answer biomedical questions using the MCP server.
  • Enhanced accuracy in retrieving drug-gene interaction data.

Conclusions:

  • The DGIdb MCP server effectively bridges LLMs and structured biomedical databases.
  • This facilitates more intuitive and accurate access to drug-gene interaction information.
  • Supports broader research and clinical applications by democratizing data access.