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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

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Genetically Encoded Sterol-Modification of a Synthetic Intrinsically Disordered Protein Drives Its Self-Assembly Into

Sarah Yeon-Kyoung Kim1, Taranpreet Kaur2, Yulia Shmidov2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, USA.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|February 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created novel lipid-protein biomaterials (STaMPs) by attaching sterols to polypeptides. These STaMPs show self-assembly and altered thermal behavior based on sterol properties, expanding biomaterial possibilities.

Keywords:
elastin‐like polypeptideslipidationpost‐translational modificationsprotein engineeringself‐assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Protein Engineering
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Post-translational modifications (PTMs) naturally expand protein functionality beyond 20 amino acids.
  • PTMs alter protein structure and function, offering avenues for novel biomaterial design.
  • Lipid-protein conjugates are inspired by natural systems for advanced material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel sterol-conjugated polypeptides (STaMPs).
  • To investigate the self-assembly behavior of STaMPs in response to varying sterol hydrophobicity.
  • To explore how sterol conjugation affects the thermal properties of elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs).

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of five STaMP variants by conjugating specific sterols (coprostanol, epicoprostanol, androstanol, galeterone, dehydroepiandrosterone) to ELPs.
  • Characterization of STaMP self-assembly using techniques to assess solution behavior.
  • Evaluation of the impact of sterol hydrophobicity on the Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) behavior of ELPs.

Main Results:

  • STaMPs demonstrated sterol-dependent self-assembly, forming random coils or spherical micelles based on sterol hydrophobicity.
  • The hydrophobicity of the appended sterol predictably modulated the LCST behavior of the ELPs.
  • Successful creation of hybrid lipid-protein biomaterials with tunable properties.

Conclusions:

  • Sterol conjugation provides a versatile strategy for controlling the self-assembly and thermal responsiveness of polypeptides.
  • STaMPs represent a new class of biomaterials with potential applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and nanotechnology.
  • The findings highlight the synergistic interplay between lipid and protein components in designing functional biomaterials.