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When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Whole-Field Continuous Wave Diffuse Reflectance Imaging for Breast Lesion Characterization: Clinical Results.

Nicolás A Carbone1, Demián A Vera1, M Victoria Waks-Serra1

  • 1Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIFICEN, UNCPBA - CICPBA - CONICET), Tandil, Argentina.

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment
|February 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MamoRef, a novel near-infrared spectroscopy device, shows promise in distinguishing benign from malignant breast lesions. This adjunctive tool offers metabolic information to aid physicians in lesion characterization, potentially improving breast cancer screening.

Keywords:
adjunctive screeningbreast cancerclinical resultsnear infraredoptical mammography

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Medical Imaging
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Breast cancer screening relies on mammography and ultrasound, with biopsies for definitive diagnosis.
  • Adjunctive imaging modalities are needed to improve lesion characterization and reduce unnecessary biopsies.
  • Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers non-ionizing metabolic information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce MamoRef, a whole-field NIRS device for adjunctive breast examination.
  • To assess MamoRef's ability to differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions.
  • To evaluate MamoRef as a non-invasive screening alternative for BI-RADS II-IV lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical studies compared MamoRef to conventional imaging and core biopsies.
  • MamoRef generated 2D maps of oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, and oxygen saturation.
  • NIRS-specialized professionals scored MamoRef images analog to BI-RADS, with scores normalized for comparison.

Main Results:

  • MamoRef images indicated neovascularization in neoproliferative lesions.
  • Preliminary receiver operating characteristic analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.77.
  • At a 0.6 threshold, MamoRef achieved 70% accuracy and 74% specificity.

Conclusions:

  • MamoRef shows potential in differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions.
  • Metabolic maps from MamoRef may aid clinicians in lesion characterization.
  • Further large-scale studies are needed to validate MamoRef as a low-cost, accessible screening tool.