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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements
Published on: July 29, 2021
Highly efficient production of nitrite and nitrate from air at the gas-water interface of nanobubbles
Sandeep Bose1, Saeed Bahadorikhalili2, Yuanyi He1
1Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Abstract:
We report a simple, one-step conversion of air to nitrogen oxyanions (NOx-), i.e., nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-), at the gas-water interface (GWI) of nanobubbles (NBs). The nanobubble generator is placed inside an aqueous solution of 50 μM Fe2+ to enhance the production of hydroxyl radicals (OH•) by initiating Fenton's reaction at the GWI. The formation of NOx- does not require any external potential or radiation. The NOx- production rate using NBs is found to be 60.4 ± 1.21 μM hour-1, which shows a fourfold increase in the production as compared to the same reaction performed in microbubbles (15 μM hour-1), which is the result from an enhanced electric field strength at the GWI. We propose that this nitrogen-fixation approach presents a promising pathway for an eco-friendly, energy-efficient, and scalable solution for NOx--based sustainable fertilizer production.
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