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Monitoring Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Homeostasis Using a Gaussia Luciferase SERCaMP
Published on: September 6, 2015
AVP1-mediated pyrophosphate homeostasis coordinates calcium-dependent cellulose synthesis and autoimmunity during
Chen Fu1, Zhihang Feng1, Xu Teng1
1State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Abstract:
Calcium (Ca) availability is vital for optimal plant growth and immune signaling, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we reveal that Arabidopsis vacuolar H⁺-pyrophosphatase (AVP1)-regulated cytosolic inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) homeostasis governs leaf growth by maintaining cellulose synthesis to suppress autoimmune activation upon Ca deficiency. Ca deficiency reduces the AVP1 abundance, while AVP1 eliminates excess cytosolic PPi, which impairs guanosine triphosphate-dependent microtubule assembly and reduces cellulose synthase 3-mediated cellulose synthesis. This cell-wall disruption activates isochorismate synthase 1-mediated salicylic acid production, triggering autoimmune responses and inhibiting new leaf growth. Enhancing PPi hydrolysis genetically improves plant growth tolerance to low Ca availability (low-Ca). The link between Ca-dependent PPi metabolic regulation, autoimmunity, and leaf growth is conserved in tomato, highlighting the broad relevance of AVP1 and PPi homeostasis in plant resilience. Our findings offer potential strategies for improving crop tolerance to nutrient-limited environments.
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