Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Monitoring Plant Hormones During Stress Responses
Published on: June 15, 2009
TGF-β1/TRAF-6 and IL-6/STAT-3 pathways in PSA-PSMA phenotypes of hormone-sensitive and hormone-refractory prostate
Awatef Ben Jemaa1, Mouna Ben Azaiez2, Sataa Sallami3
1Unit IMEC-Immunology Microbiology Environmental and Carcinogenesis, Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunisia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Tunisia.
Abstract:
This study explored the relationship between systemic cytokines and PSA-PSMA phenotypes in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa), including hormonal therapy response. Serum cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-17 A, TGF-β1) and PSA were quantified, while tissue PSA, PSMA, CD34, TRAF-6, and phosphorylated STAT3 (Ser727, Tyr705) were evaluated immunohistochemically. AR and AR-V7 mRNA expression were assessed by RT-PCR. PCa patients exhibited elevated IL-6 and TGF-β1, higher PSMA and CD34, and reduced tissue PSA compared to BPH. pSTAT3 (Tyr705) increased, whereas pSTAT3 (Ser727) decreased in PCa. In hormone-refractory PCa, TGF-β1 and PSMA were elevated, while PSA declined. AR-V7 was largely absent, and TRAF-6 showed no hormonal difference. These findings suggest IL-6/STAT3 and TGF-β1/TRAF-6 pathways modulate PSA-PSMA dynamics, with TGF-β1/TRAF-6 particularly linked to hormone-refractory progression. Cytokine-mediated signaling may inform PCa diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targeting.
Related Concept Videos
Types of Hormones
Types of Hormones
Steroids and eicosanoids fall under the category of lipid-soluble hormones. Steroids are derived from cholesterol and feature four interconnected carbon rings with variable side chains. Notable examples include estradiol from ovaries and testosterone from testes, exemplifying the critical roles of these lipid-soluble hormones in reproductive physiology. Eicosanoids, derived...
Hormonal Regulation
Hormonal Regulation
Plant Hormones
Hormones of the Pituitary Gland
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...

