In vivo wideband MR elastography for assessing age-related viscoelasticity changes of the human brain

Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) noninvasively maps brain biomechanics and is highly sensitive to alterations associated with aging and neurodegenerative disease. Most implementations use a single frequency or a narrow frequency band, limiting the analysis of frequency-dependent viscoelasticity parameters. We developed a dual-actuator wideband MRE (5-50 Hz) protocol and acquired wave fields at 13 frequencies in 24 healthy adults (young: 23-39 years; older: 50-63 years). Shear wave speed (SWS) maps were generated as a proxy for stiffness, and SWS dispersion was modeled using Newtonian, Kelvin-Voigt, and power-law rheological models. Whole-brain stiffness declined with age, with the strongest effect observed at low frequencies (5-16 Hz: -0.24%/year; p = 0.038) compared with mid (20-35 Hz: -0.12%/year; p = 0.040) and high frequencies (40-50 Hz: -0.10%/year; p = 0.123). Compared to older brains, younger adults showed 8.96% higher baseline stiffness in the power-law model (p = 0.013) and 8.15-8.39% higher viscosity according to the Newtonian and Kelvin-Voigt model (p < 0.05). White and cortical gray matter exhibited similar age-related decreases, while deep gray matter showed an increase in the power-law exponent (+0.001/year; p = 0.046), suggesting a transition toward more fluid-like properties associated with aging. Wideband MRE revealed frequency-dependent and region-specific biomechanical alterations with aging, with the strongest effects observed at low frequencies. Extending brain MRE into the low frequency regime potentially enhances sensitivity to solid-fluid interactions. Therefore, low frequency MRE may serve as an early biomechanical marker of microstructural brain changes due to aging and neurodegeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) is a noninvasive imaging modality that quantifies the mechanical properties of brain tissue. Conventional approaches are typically restricted to single or narrow vibration frequency ranges, limiting their ability to characterize frequency-dependent viscoelastic behavior. In this study, we establish a wideband MRE framework spanning 5-50 Hz and apply it in vivo to healthy adults across different age groups. Our results demonstrate that age-related brain softening is most pronounced at low frequencies, indicating sensitivity to microstructural alterations and potentially enhancing sensitivity to fluid-solid interactions. These findings highlight diagnostic potential of low frequency MRE for advancing biomechanical biomarkers of brain aging and for future applications in early detection of neurodegenerative disease.