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Updated: Feb 8, 2026
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Published on: September 3, 2014
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Purely Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-like Entanglement is Forbidden in Holography
Vijay Balasubramanian1,2,3, Monica Jinwoo Kang4, Charlie Cummings1
1University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Physical Review Letters
|February 6, 2026
Summary
Three-party entanglement in holography follows a unique relation, differing from generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. This finding establishes a new inequality for holographic states, impacting quantum information theory and entanglement studies.
Area of Science:
- Quantum Information Theory
- Holographic Duality
- Quantum Entanglement
Background:
- Generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states are crucial in quantum information.
- Holographic duality connects quantum field theories with gravitational theories.
- Understanding multipartite entanglement is key to quantum technologies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the properties of three-party entanglement signals in holographic contexts.
- To determine if these signals adhere to known entanglement structures like GHZ states.
- To establish new inequalities for holographic entanglement.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing proposed holographic duals for entanglement signals.
- Developing a geometric argument to establish a novel relation.
- Analyzing the structure of pure three-party holographic states.
Main Results:
- Evidence shows three-party holographic entanglement obeys a relation not satisfied by generalized GHZ states.
- A new geometric inequality for pure three-party holographic states has been established.
- Time-symmetric holographic states cannot possess purely GHZ-like entanglement.
Conclusions:
- The study introduces the first inequality for pure three-party holographic states.
- This work demonstrates a fundamental difference between holographic entanglement and GHZ states.
- The findings have implications for understanding quantum entanglement in holographic systems and suggest extensions to four-party systems.
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