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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Use of Animal Model of Sepsis to Evaluate Novel Herbal Therapies
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Use of Animal Model of Sepsis to Evaluate Novel Herbal Therapies

Published on: April 11, 2012

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Pediatric Sepsis: Evolving Subphenotypes, Overlap Syndromes, and the Path to Precision Therapies

Steven D Ham1, Julie C Fitzgerald1, Robert B Lindell2

  • 1Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Pediatric Sepsis Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Clinics in Chest Medicine
|February 6, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric sepsis involves complex immune responses, requiring personalized diagnostics. Research explores new subphenotypes and precision medicine for better treatment timing and patient selection in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care medicine
  • Immunology
  • Translational medicine

Background:

  • Pediatric sepsis is a life-threatening condition influenced by age-specific factors.
  • It involves a complex interplay of hyperinflammation and immunoparalysis.
  • Current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies need refinement for optimal outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To consolidate current knowledge on pediatric sepsis pathobiology.
  • To explore emerging pediatric sepsis subphenotypes.
  • To examine precision medicine approaches in early-stage clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on pediatric sepsis.
  • Analysis of developmental and immunologic factors.
  • Examination of ongoing clinical trials for precision interventions.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric sepsis exhibits significant heterogeneity, influenced by developmental stage and immune status.
  • Emerging subphenotypes suggest distinct pathophysiological pathways.
  • Early trials are investigating personalized immunomodulatory therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding pediatric sepsis requires considering its dynamic pathobiology and heterogeneity.
  • Precision medicine holds promise for tailoring interventions based on individual patient profiles.
  • Further research is needed to optimize timing and patient selection for immunotherapies.

Keywords:
Immune dysregulationImmunomodulationOutcomesPediatric sepsis

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