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Related Concept Videos

Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

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Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair and Hair Follicles01:16

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Hair and hair follicles are integral components of the integumentary system. Hair is a filamentous structure composed mainly of a protein called keratin. It is found on the surface of the skin throughout the body, except for areas such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
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A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
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Behaviors are actions that an organism engages in—they can be related to finding food, reproducing, defending against threats, and many other possible actions. Behaviors include activities related to the environment around the animal—such as migration—as well as social interactions within a species or population. Many behaviors involve motor output—that is, muscle movements—while others involve less visible actions, such as learning.
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The relative amount of a given solution component is known as its concentration. Often, though not always, a solution contains one component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components. This component is called the solvent and may be viewed as the medium in which the other components are dispersed or dissolved. Solutions in which water is the solvent are, of course, very common on our planet. A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous...
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Related Experiment Video

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Extraction and Analysis of Cortisol from Human and Monkey Hair
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Hair cortisol concentrations as a putative biomarker for suicidal behavior.

Lindsay Taraban1, Emily Hone2, Meilin Jia-Richards2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
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Summary

Lower hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) may indicate a higher risk for death by suicide. This finding offers a potential objective marker for suicide risk prediction and prevention in high-risk adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Suicide is a leading cause of death for young adults, especially among psychiatric patients post-hospitalization.
  • Predicting suicidal behavior remains a significant clinical challenge.
  • Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) reflects long-term Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) as an objective risk marker for suicidal behavior.
  • To analyze HCC across the spectrum of suicidal behavior, including suicide death.

Main Methods:

  • Examined 238 young adults across the suicide spectrum (suicide, attempt, ideation, psychiatric comparison) and 43 drug overdose deaths.
  • Collected data via self-report, clinical interview, medical records, and 3cm hair sampling.
  • Utilized multivariate regression to analyze the relationship between HCC and suicidal behavior groups, controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Significantly lower HCC was observed in individuals who died by suicide compared to suicide attempters, those with suicidal ideation, and psychiatric comparison individuals.
  • Effect sizes (d) ranged from 0.73 to 1.02, indicating moderate to large differences.
  • Lower HCC may serve as an objective marker for death by suicide risk.

Conclusions:

  • Lower hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) show potential as an objective marker for identifying individuals at high risk for death by suicide.
  • These findings have critical clinical implications for suicide risk prediction and prevention strategies.
  • Further research with larger cohorts is needed to validate these results and facilitate clinical implementation of HCC assessment.