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Whole Mount Immunolabeling of Olfactory Receptor Neurons in the Drosophila Antenna

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Next-generation compact antenna for robust defense and CubeSat communication.

Swati Varun Yadav¹, Manish Varun Yadav², S Raghavendra³

¹Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

Scientific Reports

|February 6, 2026

Summary

This study introduces a compact ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for defense and satellite needs. The miniaturized antenna offers broad bandwidth and high efficiency for reliable communication systems.

Keywords:

Antenna engineering Compact antenna CubeSat comm Defense communication High-frequency electronics Next-generation wireless networks SDG-11 SDG-9 Wideband

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Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Electromagnetics
Antenna Theory

Background:

Modern defense and small satellite systems require compact, high-performance antennas.
Existing antennas often struggle to meet the broad frequency and miniaturization demands.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and optimize a miniaturized ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna.
To meet the communication requirements for defense and small satellite applications.

Main Methods:

Antenna design and optimization using CST Microwave Studio.
Fabrication on an FR4 substrate with dimensions 10×12×1.5 mm³.
Electromagnetic performance evaluation across Sub-6 GHz and millimeter-wave frequencies.

Main Results:

Achieved an operating bandwidth of 3.4-14 GHz (121.8% impedance bandwidth).
Measured peak gain of 4.56 dBi, return loss of -28 dB, and radiation efficiency of 82.9%.
Demonstrated stable radiation patterns and high efficiency despite a compact electrical size (0.113λ × 0.136λ × 0.017λ).

Conclusions:

The miniaturized UWB antenna meets modern defense and CubeSat mission requirements.
The design offers a robust solution for resilient, interference-resistant, high-performance communication.
The antenna's compact size and broad bandwidth make it suitable for space-constrained applications.