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Related Concept Videos

Beams01:30

Beams

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Beams are integral components of structural engineering and construction, designed to support loads applied at various points along their length. These long, straight members can be classified based on geometry, cross-section, support type, and equilibrium condition.
Based on geometry, beams can be straight, tapered, or curved. Straight beams are the most common type and have a constant cross-section throughout their length. Tapered beams, on the other hand, have a varying cross-section along...
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The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
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Deflection of a Beam01:19

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Accurately determining beam deflection and slope under various loading conditions in structural engineering is crucial for ensuring safety and structural integrity. Singularity functions offer a streamlined approach to analyzing beams, especially when multiple loading functions complicate the bending moment equation.
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Prismatic Beams: Problem Solving01:15

Prismatic Beams: Problem Solving

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In the design of a supported timber beam subjected to a distributed load, both the beam's physical dimensions and the timber's characteristics, such as its grade and species, are critical. These factors determine the allowable stress values, which are crucial for calculating the necessary beam depth to ensure structural integrity and safety.
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Principal Stresses in a Beam01:11

Principal Stresses in a Beam

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In prismatic beams subject to arbitrary transverse loading, It is essential to analyze the interaction between shear forces and bending moments in order to understand stress distribution and ensure structural integrity. The highest normal or bending stress occurs at the outer fibers of the beam, decreasing linearly to zero at the neutral axis. In contrast, shear stress peaks at the neutral axis and diminishes toward the outer surfaces.
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Beams with Symmetric Loadings01:15

Beams with Symmetric Loadings

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The moment-area method is an analytical tool used in structural engineering to determine the slope and deflection of beams under various loads. Consider a cantilever with a concentrated load and moment at the free end. The first step is constructing a free-body diagram to calculate the reactions at the fixed end. Next, the bending moment diagram is plotted to visualize how the bending moment varies along the beam's length, focusing on points where the bending moment equals zero.
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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles
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Multi-channel ultrasonic Bessel vortex beams by spatial multiplexing metalens.

Yinjie Su1, Di Wang1, Zhongming Gu2

  • 1Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Communications Engineering
|February 6, 2026
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Summary

Researchers developed a multi-channel metalens to create ultrasonic Bessel vortex beams. This flexible method allows independent control over multiple acoustic vortices for advanced wave-based technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustic Metamaterials
  • Ultrasonic Wave Manipulation
  • Vortex Beam Generation

Background:

  • Acoustic vortex generation is crucial for applications like underwater communication and particle manipulation.
  • Current methods using phase masks are limited to single vortex beams, lacking flexibility.
  • There is a need for adaptable ultrasonic vortex generation schemes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel methodology for realizing multi-channel ultrasonic Bessel vortex beams at megahertz frequencies.
  • To demonstrate independent control over topological charge and spatial orientation of multiple ultrasonic vortices.
  • To enhance the functionality and adaptability of ultrasonic vortex manipulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing spatial multiplexing on a metalens to assign adjacent pixels for independent vortex generation.
  • Designing and fabricating a four-channel metalens with a 0.2 mm pixel size.
  • Experimentally measuring far-field ultrasound distributions in water.

Main Results:

  • Successfully generated multi-channel ultrasonic Bessel vortex beams with independent control over topological charge and spatial orientation.
  • Achieved precise control of vortex radiation direction with less than 1° error, matching simulation predictions.
  • Demonstrated tunability of vortex intensity by combining multiple channels.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed spatial multiplexing scheme offers a feasible and flexible methodology for generating multi-channel ultrasonic Bessel vortex beams.
  • This approach significantly enhances the adaptability of ultrasonic vortex manipulation for multi-functional ultrasound devices.
  • The findings open new possibilities for advanced applications in acoustics and wave-based technologies.