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Facial Skin Mycobiome in Atopic Dermatitis With and Without Facial Involvement and Healthy Controls: A Case-Control
Jing He1,2, Jiaying Chen1, Yan Liao1
1Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Experimental Dermatology
|February 6, 2026
Summary
Facial atopic dermatitis (AD) shows distinct skin fungal community changes, with specific Malassezia species differing between patients and controls. These mycobiome alterations may relate to age and body mass index.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Microbiology
- Genomics
Background:
- The skin microbiome, including fungi, is increasingly studied in atopic dermatitis (AD).
- The specific role of the facial mycobiome in AD pathogenesis and its clinical associations are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the facial skin mycobiome in AD patients with and without facial involvement.
- To compare fungal composition, diversity, and predicted functions against healthy controls.
- To investigate associations between fungal taxa, clinical parameters, and potential age-related effects.
Main Methods:
- Fungal DNA sequencing of facial skin samples from AD patients and healthy controls.
- Analysis of fungal composition, alpha and beta diversity, and predicted metabolic pathways.
- Correlation analyses between fungal abundance and clinical factors like disease severity and BMI.
Main Results:
- Malassezia globosa and Malassezia japonica were enriched in facial AD patients.
- Malassezia restricta was reduced in facial AD patients compared to controls.
- Distinct differences in predicted metabolic pathways were observed; Malassezia restricta correlated positively with BMI, while Malassezia globosa correlated negatively with disease severity.
Conclusions:
- Facial AD is associated with specific alterations in the skin mycobiome, particularly involving Malassezia species.
- Age may influence fungal diversity metrics and specific taxa abundance.
- Further research is needed to understand causal relationships and therapeutic potential.
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