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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance
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Anxiety makes time pass quicker: neural correlates.

I Sarigiannidis1,2, K Kieslich1, C Grillon3

  • 1UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AZ, United Kingdom.

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
|February 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Anxiety speeds up time perception by overloading neurocognitive resources, particularly in the mid-cingulate cortex. This brain region may mediate how anxiety affects our sense of time.

Keywords:
anxietycingulate cortexfMRIthreat-of-shocktime perception

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Anxiety can impair cognitive processing by consuming finite neurocognitive resources.
  • Previous research indicates anxiety leads to temporal underestimation, suggesting altered time perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural overlap between anxiety and time processing.
  • To determine if anxiety overloads neurocognitive systems involved in time perception, specifically in the cingulate cortex.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies (N=13, N=29) combined anxiety induction (threat of shock) with a temporal bisection task.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to monitor brain activity during the task.

Main Results:

  • Anxiety induction resulted in the perception of time passing more quickly.
  • Widespread activation in the cingulate cortex was observed during anxiety induction.
  • Conjunction analysis revealed overlapping activation in the insula and mid-cingulate cortex for both anxiety and time processing.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support the hypothesis that anxiety overloads neural resources involved in time processing.
  • Overloading the mid-cingulate cortex may be a key mechanism driving anxiety-related alterations in temporal perception.