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Aqueous metal-selenium batteries offer safe, cost-effective energy storage. This review explores their design, identifying promising materials and strategies to overcome challenges for high-performance applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Aqueous metal-selenium batteries (AMSeBs) are promising for safe, cost-effective, high-energy-density storage.
  • Key challenges include electrode stability, reaction reversibility, and electrolyte compatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the thermodynamic and electrochemical landscape of AMSeBs.
  • To establish a rational design framework for developing high-performance AMSeBs.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of electrode potentials, volume change rates, and metal selenide solubility.
  • Categorization of selenium-based cathodes and analysis of multi-electron transfer mechanisms.
  • Critical discussion of strategies for anode stabilization and electrolyte enhancement.

Main Results:

  • Identification of promising AMSeB systems like Zn-Se and Cu-Se, and potential candidates such as Fe-Se and Ga-Se.
  • Emphasis on the six-electron Se4+/Se2- redox pathway for enhanced capacity.
  • Discussion of methods to improve anode stability, electrolyte windows, and reduce shuttle effects.

Conclusions:

  • AMSeBs hold significant potential for next-generation energy storage.
  • Future directions include interface engineering, AI-assisted screening, and flexible device integration.
  • A roadmap is provided for advancing high-performance AMSeBs.