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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

278
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
278
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

239
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
239
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

263
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
263
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

222
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
222
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

257
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
257
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

712
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia
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Achalasia in Geriatric Patients: A Comprehensive Overview.

Evgenia Mela1, Orestis Lyros2, Vasileios Charalampakis3

  • 1First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece. vemela@hotmail.gr.

Digestive Diseases and Sciences
|February 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Achalasia, an esophageal motility disorder, is increasingly diagnosed in older adults. Advanced age is not a barrier to effective treatment, necessitating age-specific management strategies.

Keywords:
AchalasiaElderlyEsophagealGeriatricMotility disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Esophageal Motility Disorders

Background:

  • Achalasia is a rare esophageal motility disorder affecting lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and peristalsis.
  • Prevalence is increasing in the elderly due to global population aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of achalasia in geriatric patients.
  • To highlight age-related differences in achalasia presentation and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search focused on age-related differences in symptoms, diagnostics, and treatment outcomes.
  • Analysis of current evidence on achalasia management in elderly individuals.

Main Results:

  • Geriatric patients often present with less pronounced symptoms, higher risks of malnutrition/aspiration, and advanced disease.
  • High-resolution manometry is the gold standard for diagnosis, preceded by endoscopy.
  • Treatment options include botulinum toxin, pneumatic dilation, and surgical myotomies.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced age should not preclude definitive achalasia treatment, especially with minimally invasive options.
  • Development of evidence-based, age-specific recommendations is crucial for optimizing outcomes in elderly achalasia patients.