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Empowered by AI: exploring the link between literacy, self-efficacy, and career expectations
Nguyen Thi Thao Ho1, Ha Van Le2
1Science Management Office, FPT University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
Acta Psychologica
|February 7, 2026
Summary
Student confidence in artificial intelligence (AI) is key. Higher education should foster AI literacy and skills to boost career expectations in AI-driven industries.
Area of Science:
- Education Technology
- Artificial Intelligence
- Career Development
Background:
- Higher education is increasingly influenced by artificial intelligence (AI).
- Understanding the relationship between students' AI beliefs and career expectations in emerging economies is crucial.
- Limited research exists on these connections in non-Western contexts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the links between AI literacy, perceived usefulness, attitudes toward AI, AI self-efficacy, and career expectations in AI-driven industries among Vietnamese undergraduates.
- To examine the mediating role of AI self-efficacy in this relationship.
- To provide empirical evidence from an emerging economy.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 850 Vietnamese undergraduates across five campuses.
- Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed for data analysis.
- An integrated framework combining the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) was utilized.
Main Results:
- AI literacy positively influenced perceived usefulness, attitudes toward AI, and AI self-efficacy.
- Perceived usefulness was the strongest predictor of attitudes and AI self-efficacy.
- AI self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of career expectations in AI-driven industries, explaining 37.4% of the variance.
Conclusions:
- Student confidence in AI (AI self-efficacy) acts as a crucial psychological mechanism linking AI literacy and perceived usefulness to career aspirations in AI-intensive fields.
- Higher education institutions should integrate structured AI literacy programs, AI-supported learning, and responsible AI practices.
- These interventions can enhance students' academic confidence and improve their career outlook in AI-driven industries.
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