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Plastic pollution in human reproduction: should we worry?
Martina Broggiato1, Stefania Pezzana1, Chiara Scaccabarozzi2
1Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, via F Sforza 35, Milano, Italy.
Reproductive Biomedicine Online
|February 7, 2026
Summary
Micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) pose risks to reproductive health. Studies show MNP in human reproductive tissues and fetuses, impacting fertility and pregnancy outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Toxicology
- Reproductive Biology
Background:
- Micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants.
- Human exposure to MNP is widespread, raising concerns about potential health impacts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the presence and effects of MNP on human reproductive health.
- To discuss the implications for pregnancy outcomes and fetal development.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on MNP detection in biological samples.
- Analysis of in-vitro and animal model data on MNP reproductive toxicity.
- Evaluation of analytical techniques for MNP identification.
Main Results:
- MNP detected in human placenta, amniotic fluid, follicular fluid, testicular tissue, and semen.
- Evidence suggests MNP can cross biological barriers and affect fetal development.
- Animal studies indicate MNP exposure impairs ovarian function, oocyte quality, and sperm parameters.
Conclusions:
- MNP exposure presents a potential risk to human reproductive health and pregnancy.
- Further research is needed to understand real-world exposure effects and develop mitigation strategies.
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