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Molecular basis for anti-jumbo phage immunity by AVAST type 5.

Aswin Muralidharan1, Ana Rita Costa1, Desi Fierlier1

  • 1Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands.

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Summary

AVAST type 5 (Avs5) systems provide bacterial immunity against jumbo phages. These systems target jumbo phage protein JADA within infection vesicles, disrupting phage nucleus formation and halting infection.

Keywords:
AVASTEPI vesiclePseudomonas aeruginosaSTANDSir2TurboIDanti-jumbo phage immunitydefense systemsjumbo phage

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Area of Science:

  • Bacteriology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Jumbo phages employ protective compartments against bacterial defenses.
  • Existing defense systems are poorly understood against these phages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate bacterial defense mechanisms against jumbo phages.
  • Characterize the role of AVAST type 5 (Avs5) systems in phage immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Fluorescence microscopy to track Avs5 localization.
  • Biotin proximity labeling to identify phage-host interactions.
  • Biochemical assays to analyze Avs5 effector function.

Main Results:

  • Avs5 systems confer conserved immunity against jumbo phages.
  • Avs5 localizes to early infection vesicles and detects the phage protein JADA.
  • Phage detection triggers Avs5's NAD+ hydrolysis, disrupting phage nucleus formation and arresting infection.

Conclusions:

  • AVAST type 5 systems represent a spatially coordinated bacterial immune strategy.
  • This strategy targets an early vulnerability in jumbo phage infection cycles.
  • Avs5 provides crucial defense against specific phage threats.