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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Computational Pipeline for Analyzing Chimeric Noncoding RNA-Target RNA Interactions in High-Throughput Sequencing Data
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Long noncoding RNA H19 in liver development and disease.

Diego Elias Montoya-Durango1, Leila Gobejishvili1

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, United States of America.

Cellular Signalling
|February 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The long non-coding RNA H19 gene is crucial in liver development and disease. Its re-expression in adult livers promotes fatty liver, fibrosis, and cancer, highlighting its therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
FibrosisLipid metabolismLiverLiver cancerLiver injuryLong noncoding RNA H19

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Analysis of Liver Microenvironment During Early Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Zebrafish
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Hepatology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Liver disease causes over 2 million deaths annually, with MASLD and ALD being major contributors.
  • Diet and alcohol drive liver pathologies like steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Novel therapies are urgently needed due to limited treatment options for liver damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of the H19 gene in liver development.
  • To summarize H19's involvement in liver diseases, including fatty liver, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • To explore H19's regulatory functions in metabolism, fibrosis, cell cycle, and chromatin.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on H19 gene function in liver development and disease.
  • Analysis of H19's interactions with proteins, coding RNAs, and non-coding RNAs.
  • Summary of H19's epigenetic regulation and impact on liver pathologies.

Main Results:

  • H19 is essential for embryonic development and neonatal liver maturation.
  • H19 re-expression in adult livers drives lipogenesis, fibrosis, and maintains tumor cell proliferation.
  • H19 interacts with numerous molecules regulating metabolism, fibrosis, cell cycle, and chromatin.

Conclusions:

  • H19 plays a dual role, critical for liver development but pathogenic in adult liver disease.
  • Understanding H19's complex functions is key to developing new therapeutic strategies for liver diseases.
  • Targeting H19 may offer a novel approach to treat metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.