Measuring the Impact of an Exoscopic Camera System on Learner Mental Workload in Vaginal Surgery

To measure the workload effect of an exoscopic camera system during vaginal hysterectomy on workload and learning experience of Obstetrics and Gynecology trainees.

Prospective cohort study.

Two tertiary academic medical centers in the United States.

Obstetrics and Gynecology residents and fellows.

Vaginal hysterectomy performed with and without an exoscopic camera system.

The primary outcome was workload measured using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) across six dimensions: mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, effort, performance, and frustration. The secondary outcomes were trainee perceptions of the surgical experience using Likert scale questions. From June 2021 to January 2024, 39 surveys were completed (21 with camera, 18 without); 10 trainees had paired data. The mean overall NASA-TLX scores did not differ between groups (40.4 [SD 14.9] with camera vs 47.5 [SD 21.5] without; p = .14). Physical demand scores were lower with the camera (39.9 [SD 41.3] with vs 53.1 [SD 19.2] without; p = .05). Among paired data, median overall NASA-TLX scores were similar (47.4 vs 49.3; p = .28), with 7 of 10 trainees reporting lower scores with the camera system. Effect sizes for trainee perceptions showed small positive effects on visualization (Cliff's δ = 0.26) and skill building (Cliff's δ = 0.29), moderate effect on procedural flow (Cliff's δ = 0.46), and large effect on engagement (Cliff's δ = 0.50) with the use of the exoscopic camera. No effects were seen for anatomical knowledge application (Cliff's δ = 0.04), confidence in anticipation (Cliff's δ = 0.06), or intrusion (Cliff's δ = -0.01).

Use of an exoscopic camera system during vaginal hysterectomy was associated with improved trainee engagement and procedural flow, and reduced physical demand, without increasing overall mental workload. These findings support its utility as an educational adjunct in vaginal surgery training.