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Metabolomics applications in lactic acid bacteria: Identification, classification, and functional analysis.

Lixia Zhao1, Wenjun Liu1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.

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Metabolomics is revolutionizing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) research by linking metabolic phenotypes to adaptive traits. Integrating metabolomics with multi-omics and models enhances functional prediction and strain selection for fermented foods.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Metabolomics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) show weak correlation between genome and metabolic traits, influenced by environment.
  • Metabolomics offers high-resolution profiling but faces challenges in standardization and interpretation.
  • Metabolite instability and incomplete annotation hinder LAB data analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in LAB metabolomics and analytical techniques.
  • To address methodological challenges and phylogenetic-metabolomic discordance in LAB.
  • To explore integrating metabolomics with multi-omics and models for deeper insights.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution metabolomic profiling.
  • Single-cell and metabolic flux analyses.
  • Integration with genome-scale metabolic models (GSMMs) and multi-omics.

Main Results:

  • Improved LAB strain identification and metabolic phenotyping.
  • Enhanced discovery of functional metabolites.
  • Better understanding of LAB adaptive traits and functional differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolomics integration transforms LAB functional studies.
  • Strain-specific differentiation and trait inference are enabled.
  • A unified framework for LAB analysis is emerging for targeted applications.