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In-memory multilevel control of generic SO(m) holonomy in photonics.

Youlve Chen1, Jiaxin Zhang2, Jinlong Xiang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Nature Communications
|February 7, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces tunable geometric phases for photonic quantum computing using a novel silicon platform. This innovation enables robust, reconfigurable optical operations crucial for fault-tolerant quantum information processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Photonics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Non-Abelian geometric phases are key for fault-tolerant holonomic quantum computation.
  • Photonic implementations have lacked tunability, hindering advanced optical information processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate tunable, nonvolatile geometric phases on a silicon photonic platform.
  • To enable robust, reconfigurable high-dimensional operations in integrated optical systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multilayer silicon photonic platform with Sb₂Se₃ phase-change material.
  • Dynamically controlled geometric phases by toggling Sb₂Se₃ between crystalline and amorphous states.
  • Enabled switching between different holonomic paths and special-orthogonal (SO) geometric transformations.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated nonvolatile multilevel tunable generic SO geometric phases.
  • Achieved dynamic control over the number of degenerate states for holonomy.
  • Successfully switched between different holonomic paths and SO(m) geometric transformations.

Conclusions:

  • Bridged the gap between geometric-phase control and reconfigurable photonics.
  • Established a paradigm for fault-tolerant, high-dimensional operations in integrated photonics.
  • Paved the way for robust quantum information processing in photonic systems.