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Changes in headache outcomes after guided website-based headache education: a pilot study with Spanish schoolchildren

Antonia Dörnemann1, Adrián Fernández-González2,3, Rocío de la Vega2,3

  • 1German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Datteln, Germany.

Journal of Pediatric Psychology
|February 8, 2026
PubMed

Insights

A website-based educational program significantly improved headache knowledge, self-efficacy, and reduced pain intensity and interference in schoolchildren. This pilot study highlights the potential of digital tools for managing chronic pediatric headaches.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pain Management
  • Digital Health Interventions
  • Childhood Headache Disorders

Background:

  • Chronic headaches are a common childhood health issue causing significant daily life impairments.
  • Limited specialized pediatric chronic pain treatments necessitate accessible alternatives.
  • Website-based, child-friendly educational tools offer a promising approach to pain management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a guided, website-based pain education program (Los Cabezudos) for Spanish schoolchildren.
  • To assess changes in headache knowledge, pain self-efficacy, pain intensity, and pain interference.
  • To explore the association between the intervention's effectiveness and children's age.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot study involving 210 schoolchildren aged 10-14 years.
  • Two guided, website-based headache education sessions were delivered in schools.
  • Outcomes were measured before the intervention and at 1- and 2-month follow-ups using linear mixed multilevel models.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements were observed in headache knowledge (b=0.20, p < .001) and pain self-efficacy (b=0.22, p < .001).
  • Pain intensity (maximum: b=-0.27, p = .002; average: b=-0.27, p = .001) and pain interference (b=-0.30, p = .002) significantly decreased.
  • No significant interactions were found between the intervention's effects and participants' age.

Conclusions:

  • Website-based educational interventions show potential for improving key headache outcomes in children.
  • The study supports the use of digital platforms for enhancing pediatric pain management.
  • Further randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm long-term effectiveness.
Abstract

Keywords:
educationlongitudinalpediatric websiterecurrent headachesschoolchildren

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