Investigation of systemic inflammatory biomarkers associated with high-density lipoprotein and risk analysis in...

We aimed to investigate the potential role of systemic inflammatory biomarkers associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in the pathogenesis of Xanthelasma Palpebrarum (XP).

HDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, platelet and red cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD) values were obtained from peripheral blood samples of patients who underwent XP excision. Monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), lymphocyte-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (LHR), platelet-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (PHR), neutrophil-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (NHR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were calculated and statistically compared. Multivariate logistic regression and ROC analyses were performed to determine predictive values.

The study compared the XP group (63 patients) and the control group (54 healthy individuals), finding no significant differences in age and gender (p = 0.059 and p = 0.406, respectively). Neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts, as well as MHR, LHR, PHR, NHR, and SII values, were significantly higher in the XP group (p < 0.001, p = 0.015, p = 0.042, p = 0.018, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.016, respectively). HDL levels were significantly lower in the XP group (p < 0.001). Among all parameters, NHR had the highest predictive value with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81. NHR (Odds ratio: 1.07) was identified as a potential risk factor for XP.

This study highlights the potential role of systemic inflammation associated with HDL in the pathogenesis of XP by triggering oxidative stress mechanisms, lipid peroxidation, and tissue-level inflammatory damage, and emphasizes the need to investigate treatments that regulate inflammation in XP therapy.