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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

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Approach to the patient with thyroid storm.

Peter A Kopp1, Ilaria Giordani1, Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen2,3

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital of Lausanne and University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|February 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid storm is a rare, life-threatening condition caused by severe thyrotoxicosis. Prompt recognition and intensive management are critical to prevent multiorgan failure and reduce high mortality rates.

Keywords:
hyperthyroidismthyroid stormthyrotoxicosis

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Thyroid storm, or thyrotoxic crisis, is a severe, life-threatening hypermetabolic state.
  • It arises from uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis and carries a high risk of multiorgan failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of thyroid storm.
  • To emphasize the importance of early recognition and intervention in improving patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical diagnosis based on characteristic symptoms and signs.
  • Utilizes scoring systems to aid in diagnosis.
  • Reviews common precipitating factors and management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Manifestations include hyperthermia, tachyarrhythmia, cardiac/respiratory failure, hepatic dysfunction, and neurological/gastrointestinal symptoms.
  • Mortality remains high (5-25%) without rapid intervention, often due to cardiovascular collapse or multiorgan dysfunction.
  • Incidence is low in the general population but higher in hospitalized patients.

Conclusions:

  • Immediate supportive therapy (cardiovascular, respiratory, temperature control) and treatment of precipitating factors are essential.
  • Pharmacologic management includes antithyroid agents, beta-blockers, corticosteroids, and potentially iodine.
  • Vigilance and intensive management are crucial for preventing fatal outcomes in patients with severe thyrotoxicosis.