Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...

Associative Learning

Associative Learning

Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...

Purposive Learning

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...

Observational Learning

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...

Learning Disabilities

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...

Introduction to Learning

Introduction to Learning

Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Engagement With Mobile Health Cardiac Rehabilitation Varies Widely Among Older Adults With Ischemic Heart Disease.

Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention·2026

Same author

Provider comments reveal barriers to EHR nudge effectiveness: process evaluation of a null deprescribing trial.

Implementation science communications·2026

Same author

A Phase-2 Open-Label Trial of Cannabidiol to Treat Core and Associated Symptoms of Autism in Children and Adolescents Without Intellectual Disability.

Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology·2026

Same author

Distinguishing Factors for Microbial Keratitis Groups: A Cross-Sectional Survey of US Cornea Specialists.

Cornea·2026

Same author

Burden of Residual Angina Among Older Adults With Ischemic Heart Disease in the United States: Findings From the RESILIENT Trial.

Circulation. Population health and outcomes·2026

Same author

Oxidative Stress in Keratoconus Is Evident in Tear Fluid and Stromal Cells and Alleviated in Cell Culture by Sulforaphane.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Recurrent Herpetic Stromal Keratitis in Mice, a Model for Studying Human HSK

Recurrent Herpetic Stromal Keratitis in Mice, a Model for Studying Human HSK

Published on: December 18, 2012

Stromal Keratitis in the Zoster Eye Disease Study: Lessons Learned.

Deborah S Jacobs¹, TingFang Lee², Penny Asbell³

¹From the Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (D.S.J.).

American Journal of Ophthalmology

|February 8, 2026

Summary

Stromal keratitis (SK) in Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO) patients often resolves with close monitoring and treatment, maintaining good vision without oral antivirals. Low-potency topical steroids are recommended for managing SK in HZO.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancing Corneal Innervation Research Through Innovative Models

Author Spotlight: Advancing Corneal Innervation Research Through Innovative Models

Published on: December 8, 2023

Establishing a Porcine Ex Vivo Cornea Model for Studying Drug Treatments against Bacterial Keratitis

Establishing a Porcine Ex Vivo Cornea Model for Studying Drug Treatments against Bacterial Keratitis

Published on: May 12, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Recurrent Herpetic Stromal Keratitis in Mice, a Model for Studying Human HSK

Recurrent Herpetic Stromal Keratitis in Mice, a Model for Studying Human HSK

Published on: December 18, 2012

Author Spotlight: Advancing Corneal Innervation Research Through Innovative Models

Author Spotlight: Advancing Corneal Innervation Research Through Innovative Models

Published on: December 8, 2023

Establishing a Porcine Ex Vivo Cornea Model for Studying Drug Treatments against Bacterial Keratitis

Establishing a Porcine Ex Vivo Cornea Model for Studying Drug Treatments against Bacterial Keratitis

Published on: May 12, 2020

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Virology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO) can lead to ocular complications, including stromal keratitis (SK).
The Zoster Eye Disease Study (ZEDS) investigated the efficacy of oral valacyclovir in HZO patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the presentation, treatment, and visual outcomes of stromal keratitis (SK) within the Zoster Eye Disease Study (ZEDS).

Main Methods:

Secondary analysis of SK as an endpoint in a randomized clinical trial of oral valacyclovir versus placebo in HZO patients.
Prospective follow-up for 18 months, with retrospective evaluation of SK presentation, treatment with topical steroids, and visual acuity at 12 months.

Main Results:

Stromal keratitis (SK) occurred in 20% of participants, unrelated to valacyclovir treatment.
Visual acuity remained stable, with no significant difference between treatment groups.
Most SK cases were detected at scheduled visits; oral antiviral treatment was infrequent. Topical steroid use varied, with many patients receiving low-potency steroids or dose adjustments.

Conclusions:

Patients with HZO-related SK generally maintain good vision with monitoring and prompt treatment, often without oral antivirals.
Low-potency topical steroids are suggested for managing and suppressing SK in HZO patients.