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Toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for bladder cancer: A case report

Yangyang Wang1, Lihua Liu2, Meiyun Li3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha 410000, China. w_yycsu@163.com.

Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical Sciences
|February 9, 2026
PubMed

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) play a significant role in tumor treatment, but the immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which brings about have also attracted much attention. Among them, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is one of the most severe skin toxic reactions. This article reports a case of a bladder cancer patient who developed TEN after receiving ICIs treatment. The male patient was diagnosed with bladder cancer in November 2023. On April 29, 2024, he was admitted to the Third Hospital of Changsha for antitumor treatment. In May 2024, he developed immune-related myocarditis after treatment with toripalimab. On July 6, 2024, the patient switched to envafolimab treatment, and on July 16, he developed rashes and eventually progressed to TEN. After treatment with glucocorticoids and related symptomatic measures, the patient improved. TEN is a rare but serious irAE in ICIs treatment. Suspected patients should be intervened early, and patients who have already developed it should be actively treated, in order to enhance the understanding and management of TEN caused by ICIs treatment.

Keywords:
adverse effectsbladder cancercardiotoxicityimmune checkpoint inhibitorstoxic epidermal necrolysis

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