[Role of dysregulation brain lipid metabolism in depression]

The metabolism of lipids such as fatty acids, cholesterol, and phospholipids in the brain plays a critical role in maintaining neuronal membrane structure, signal transduction, and neurotransmitter regulation. In recent years, studies have found a close association between dysregulated lipid metabolism and the development of depression. Disruption of lipid metabolism may affect the function of neural networks, leading to impaired emotional regulation and an increased risk of depression. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of the relationship between lipids and depression is of great significance for elucidating the biological basis and pathogenesis of depression. This review systematically summarizes dysregulation of 3 categories of lipid metabolism, fatty acids, cholesterol, and phospholipids, and their potential mechanisms in influencing the onset of depression through pathways such as regulation of neurotransmitters, mediation of inflammatory responses, and involvement in oxidative stress pathways. It also summarizes 4 categories of existing antidepressant treatment strategies related to brain lipid metabolism, chemical drugs, dietary interventions, traditional Chinese medicine compound formulas, and natural drugs, with the aim of clarifying the potential application value of brain lipid metabolism in the prevention and treatment of depression and providing a scientific basis for future translational directions and clinical practice in this field.