Effects of Non-Pharmacological Interventions on Loneliness and Social Isolation in Cancer Patients: A Systematic...

Loneliness and social isolation are prevalent and persistent in cancer patients, affecting their psychosocial adjustment. Non-pharmacological interventions have been shown to be effective in previous studies; however, the most effective types of non-pharmacological interventions for this population remain unclear.

The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) was to synthesize the existing evidence and compare the effectiveness of different types of non-pharmacological interventions in treating loneliness and social isolation among cancer patients.

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE databases from their inception to December 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating non-pharmacological interventions targeting loneliness and social isolation in cancer patients were included. NMA was performed using Stata 17.0 software under a frequentist framework.

A total of 13 RCTs were included, including 9 non-pharmacological interventions and 1151 cancer patients. In order of probability, group logotherapy (SUCRA: 99.9%, SMD: -1.62, 95% CI: -2.23 to -1.01) was the most effective intervention for alleviating loneliness and social isolation, followed by psychoeducational therapy (SUCRA: 76.9%, SMD: -0.62, 95% CI: -1.16 to -0.07) and supportive expressive group therapy (SUCRA: 65.7%, SMD: -0.40, 95% CI: -0.75 to -0.05).

The NMA suggests that, in terms of short-term efficacy, group logotherapy may be considered the optimal choice for reducing loneliness and social isolation levels in cancer patients. Healthcare professionals could regularly conduct group logotherapy among cancer patients to promote their psychosocial adaptation.

PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42024616937.