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Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

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A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
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The Neuromuscular Junction01:19

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The nervous system consists of complex motor neuron circuits, including upper motor neurons originating from the cerebral cortex and lower motor neurons starting in the spinal cord, coordinating both voluntary and involuntary movements. Among these, somatic motor neurons activate skeletal muscles and are classified into alpha, beta, and gamma types. Alpha neurons are vital for voluntary movement coordination, while gamma neurons adjust muscle spindle sensitivity, and the function of beta...
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Anchoring Junctions01:03

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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
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Transmon Qubit Using Sn as a Junction Superconductor.

Amrita Purkayastha1, Amritesh Sharma1, Param J Patel1

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.

Nano Letters
|February 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed transmon qubits using semiconductor nanowires, achieving adjustable frequencies and significant coherence times. This work explores new materials for quantum computing beyond traditional aluminum-based qubits.

Keywords:
InAs nanowiresJosephson junctionscoherence timeproximity effectsuperconductor−semiconductor hybridtransmon qubitβ-Sn

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum computing
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Superconducting qubits commonly utilize aluminum-aluminum oxide tunnel junctions for nonlinear inductance.
  • Exploring alternative materials for qubit fabrication is crucial for advancing quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To realize transmon qubits using InAs semiconductor nanowires coated with β-Sn superconducting shells.
  • To investigate the tunability of qubit frequency and coherence times in these novel devices.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of transmon qubits with InAs nanowire cores and β-Sn superconducting shells.
  • Utilizing gate voltage to tune Josephson energy and qubit frequency.
  • Measuring energy relaxation time (T1) and echo dephasing time (T2) to assess coherence.

Main Results:

  • Successfully realized tunable transmon qubits with a frequency range of 3 GHz.
  • Achieved a maximum energy relaxation time (T1) of 27 μs at lower frequencies.
  • Obtained a maximum echo dephasing time (T2) of 1.8 μs at higher frequencies.

Conclusions:

  • InAs nanowire-based superconducting qubits offer a promising platform for quantum information processing.
  • Coherence times are influenced by qubit frequency, with potential for enhancement through improved fabrication and circuit design.