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Pediatric ABO blood groups and disease distribution: a retrospective analysis

Wentao Yang1, Xuemei Guo2, Yuan Chen3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Translational Pediatrics
|February 9, 2026
PubMed

Insights

ABO blood groups are linked to specific childhood diseases. O blood type children had more surgical issues, AB blood type girls had various diseases, and A/B blood type boys had burns and ENT issues.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Adult studies show ABO blood group links to diseases like cardiovascular issues and tumors.
  • Research on ABO blood groups and disease associations in children is limited.
  • Disease spectra differ between children and adults, necessitating pediatric-specific research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between ABO blood group and disease categories in children.
  • To address the knowledge gap regarding ABO blood groups and pediatric diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 36,285 children's clinical data (2016-2025).
  • Data collected included ABO blood group, sex, age, and department of visit.
  • Diseases were categorized, and statistical analyses (chi-square, network, cluster analysis) were performed.

Main Results:

  • Cluster analysis revealed three distinct groups based on ABO blood type and disease predisposition.
  • O blood type adolescents showed a higher incidence of surgical diseases (+15.2%).
  • AB blood type school-age/preschool girls were prone to various diseases (+22.6%), while A/B blood type young males showed increased risks for burns, ENT, and hematological diseases (+18.3%, +16.9%).

Conclusions:

  • ABO blood groups are significantly associated with the distribution of specific systemic diseases in children.
  • Findings highlight the need for further multi-center validation studies for potential clinical application.
Abstract

Keywords:
ABO blood groupChi-squarebody systemcluster analysesnetwork analyses

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