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How do I develop a psychological test or questionnaire?

Marianne Giesler1, Götz Fabry2

  • 1Freiburg i. Brsg., Germany.

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This summary is machine-generated.

This how-to article explains the construction of medical education research tests and questionnaires. It covers defining constructs, writing items, and evaluating measures for validity.

Keywords:
generation and wording of itemsphases of test- and questionnaire constructionreliabilityvalidity

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education Research
  • Psychometrics
  • Health Professions Education

Background:

  • Developing reliable and valid tests and questionnaires is crucial in medical education research.
  • Existing literature often details complex methodologies for test construction.
  • Health professionals require a foundational understanding of these processes for effective research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a basic understanding of test and questionnaire construction for medical education researchers.
  • To outline the general phases involved in creating measurement instruments.
  • To enable readers to better evaluate existing measures and understand their development.

Main Methods:

  • The article outlines a phased approach to test and questionnaire construction.
  • Phases include the content phase (construct definition, item writing, pilot testing), structural phase (statistical evaluation), and external phase (validity evidence).
  • Emphasis is placed on the iterative nature of validation throughout the construction process.

Main Results:

  • Test and questionnaire construction involves distinct content, structural, and external phases.
  • Validation is an ongoing process, not a final step, and must be considered in all phases.
  • Statistical methods are essential for evaluating the structure and psychometric properties of measures.

Conclusions:

  • Validity is not an inherent property of a test or questionnaire but rather applies to the interpretations and conclusions drawn from its results.
  • The construction and validation of measurement instruments are complex, demanding, and require continuous attention.
  • A thorough understanding of these principles enhances the quality of medical education research.