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Determining biocide efficacy for treating established sulfate-reducing biofilms using flow cell systems.

Gloria N Okpala1, Anna L Walker1, Craig Brideau2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

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|February 9, 2026
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Summary

Higher biocide doses are needed to effectively treat established sulfate-reducing microorganism (SRM) biofilms in aquatic environments compared to planktonic cells. Treatments may only offer transient inhibition, necessitating further research for robust strategies against infrastructure degradation.

Keywords:
16S rRNA gene sequencingbiocidebiofilm flow cellsbiofilmssulfate—reducing bacteria

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Industrial microbiology
  • Corrosion science

Background:

  • Sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) cause significant infrastructure corrosion and operational issues in aquatic industrial settings.
  • Established SRM biofilms are notoriously difficult to eradicate with conventional chemical treatments.
  • Limited data exists on the efficacy of biocides against sessile SRM communities compared to planktonic cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) against established SRM biofilms.
  • To compare biocide efficacy on planktonic SRM versus sessile biofilm communities.
  • To identify optimal treatment strategies for mitigating SRM biofilm-induced infrastructure damage.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a biofilm flow cell system to cultivate and treat existing SRM biofilms.
  • Applied varying concentrations of SNP (15-750 ppm) and ADBAC (25-500 ppm) for 10-14 hours.
  • Monitored sulfide concentrations, analyzed microbial community composition (16S rRNA sequencing), and employed microscopy for viability assessment.

Main Results:

  • SNP showed transient inhibition on biofilms, unlike its potent effect on planktonic SRM.
  • ADBAC required higher concentrations (250-500 ppm) for complete inhibition of sulfidogenesis in biofilms, whereas lower doses were effective against planktonic cells.
  • Microscopy confirmed dose-dependent cell viability reduction with ADBAC, and 16S rRNA sequencing revealed differential persistence of key SRM taxa post-treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Treating established SRM biofilms necessitates significantly higher biocide concentrations than planktonic cultures.
  • Current biocide treatments may offer only transient protection against SRM biofilms.
  • Focusing on sessile microbial communities is crucial for developing effective strategies against industrial infrastructure degradation.