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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
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Simplified Synchronous Machine Model01:30

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The Synchronous Machine Model is a fundamental tool in analyzing and ensuring the transient stability of power systems. This model simplifies the representation of a synchronous machine under balanced three-phase positive-sequence conditions, assuming constant excitation and ignoring losses and saturation. The model is pivotal for understanding the behavior of synchronous generators connected to a power grid, particularly during transient events.
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In the growing field of wind energy, incorporating wind turbine models into transient stability analysis is essential. Induction and synchronous machines are the primary models used, with induction machines being prevalent due to their simplicity and reliability.
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Most acid-base titrations are performed in an aqueous medium. In aqueous titrations, water competes with weaker acids or bases for proton donation or acceptance, leading to ambiguous endpoints in the titration curve. Water also affects the partial ionization of weak acids or bases. For example, water accepts a proton from acetic acid to form hydronium and acetate ions. The hydronium ion formed is a stronger acid than acetic acid, and the acetate ion is a stronger base than water. As a result,...
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Machines are complex structures consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that work together to transmit forces. One example of a machine is the cutting plier, which is used to cut wires by applying forces to its handles. When equal and opposite forces are exerted on the handles of the cutting plier, they cause the cutting edges to come together and apply equal and opposite reaction forces on the wire, which are greater than the applied forces.
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Group Design02:01

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The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
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Design of Gold Extraction Solvents Using Machine Learning Models.

Takuto Tsunemi1, Tatsuya Oshima2, Hiroki Yokota2

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.

ACS Omega
|February 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed predictive models to find new solvents for gold extraction. These models identified (-)-fenchone and 4-phenyl-2-butanone as effective alternatives to Dibutyl carbitol (DBC) with lower water solubility, reducing aqueous contamination.

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Area of Science:

  • * Computational chemistry and materials science.
  • * Focus on solvent extraction and chemical process optimization.

Background:

  • * Dibutyl carbitol (DBC) is a conventional solvent for extracting gold (Au-III) after chlorination, but its high water solubility causes aqueous phase contamination.
  • * The need for efficient gold extraction solvents with minimal environmental impact is critical in hydrometallurgy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To develop predictive models for gold extractability and solvent water solubility based on molecular descriptors.
  • * To identify novel solvents with high gold extraction efficiency and low water solubility, overcoming the limitations of DBC.

Main Methods:

  • * Construction of a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model using molecular descriptors (COSMO-RS charge density profiles) and experimental data.
  • * Application of genetic algorithm-based wavelength selection for variable selection in the predictive models.
  • * Inverse analysis of the established models to screen for optimal solvent candidates.

Main Results:

  • * Predictive models for gold extractability and water solubility demonstrated high accuracy (correlation coefficients > 0.9).
  • * (-)-Fenchone and 4-phenyl-2-butanone were identified as promising solvents.
  • * These novel solvents exhibit gold extractability comparable to DBC but with significantly lower water solubility.

Conclusions:

  • * Predictive modeling is a powerful tool for designing efficient and environmentally friendly solvents for gold extraction.
  • * (-)-Fenchone and 4-phenyl-2-butanone represent viable alternatives to DBC, offering reduced aqueous contamination.
  • * The study provides a framework for discovering new solvents in hydrometallurgical applications.