Lived experience of people with hypertension in Ethiopia: A phenomenological study, 2025

Hypertension poses a substantial and growing public health challenge in Ethiopia. Despite its increasing prevalence, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding how patients experience and manage the condition within their social, cultural, and economic contexts. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of patients with hypertension in Ethiopia using a qualitative approach, contributing to improved understanding and supporting sustainable, equitable, and patient-centered care.

Data were collected from adults living with hypertension who were receiving treatment in tertiary hospitals in northwest Amhara, Ethiopia, in July 2025. Participants were selected using purposive and heterogeneous sampling to include both males and females across all age groups above 18 years. Data were collected in the local language (Amharic), translated into English, and imported into ATLAS.ti v7 for coding and analysis. A thematic analysis was conducted, and rigor was ensured by considering credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability.

Eight themes emerged from the analysis: (1) emotional and cognitive responses to diagnosis; (2) health provider interaction and communication; (3) adaptation and self-management; (4) treatment challenges and complications; (5) social and family support; (6) impact on daily life; (7) perception and control of hypertension; and (8) healthcare system and access barriers. Participants highlighted the importance of tailored patient education, effective provider communication, and community engagement for improving adherence and health outcomes. While most participants accepted their condition calmly, prior knowledge and interactions with healthcare providers shaped understanding and coping strategies. Adaptation included lifestyle modification, dietary adherence, and treatment compliance, with some challenges such as transportation issues, medication shortages, and long waiting times noted.

Understanding patients lived experiences provides insights for designing culturally appropriate interventions, improving adherence, and enhancing overall management of hypertension in Ethiopia.