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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness with high recurrence and cognitive deficits.
  • Sex differences influence BD clinical characteristics, but their impact on cognition is unclear.
  • Understanding sex-specific cognitive profiles in BD is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of sex in shaping cognitive profiles in a large sample of first-diagnosed bipolar disorder patients.
  • To compare cognitive performance between male and female BD patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 243 individuals (168 with first-diagnosed BD, 75 healthy controls) was studied.
  • Cognitive functions were assessed using the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), Digital Span Test (DST), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST).
  • Performance was compared across groups (BD vs. controls) and sexes (male vs. female).

Main Results:

  • Significant group effects were observed on CPT, DST, and WCST.
  • Significant group and sex effects were found for total administered (TA) and non-perseverative errors (NPE) on WCST (p<0.05).
  • Male BD patients exhibited higher TA and NPE scores than female BD patients. Hospital admission frequency negatively correlated with attention scores.

Conclusions:

  • Both male and female BD patients display cognitive impairments.
  • Sex plays a significant role in cognitive function among first-diagnosed BD patients.
  • Male patients may have greater deficits in attention and cognitive transfer, while females may be more prone to memory impairments.