Mortality Rates of Minor vs Major Lower Extremity Amputations in Diabetic Patients.

Area of Science:

• Diabetic Limb Complications
• Surgical Outcomes
• Public Health

Background:

• Lower extremity amputations (LEA) in diabetic patients vary in type, from minor (e.g., toe removal) to major (e.g., below-knee).
• The type of LEA significantly impacts mortality rates, survival, rehabilitation, and healthcare costs in diabetic populations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze and compare mortality rates following minor versus major LEA in diabetic patients.
• To identify key risk factors influencing outcomes after LEA in this demographic.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review of existing literature was performed.
• Searches were conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar for relevant studies.
• Included studies reported mortality rates, risk factors, comorbidities, functional outcomes, and management strategies for diabetic LEA.

Main Results:

• Major LEA is linked to substantially higher short- and long-term mortality rates compared to minor LEA.
• Five-year survival rates are 10-48% for major LEA versus 29-69% for minor LEA.
• Key mortality risk factors include chronic renal disease, peripheral arterial disease, sepsis, and poor glycemic control.

Conclusions:

• Minor LEA offers better survival rates but risks progression to major amputation if complications persist.
• Early intervention, strict glycemic control, and multidisciplinary care are vital for improving diabetic patient outcomes post-LEA.
• Prioritizing limb preservation strategies and refining risk stratification can enhance long-term prognosis.