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  3. Sparse Input Representations Explain Odor Discrimination In Complex, Concentration-varying Mixtures.
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  3. Sparse Input Representations Explain Odor Discrimination In Complex, Concentration-varying Mixtures.

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Sparse input representations explain odor discrimination in complex, concentration-varying mixtures.

Hannah McCalmon1, George Cai2,3, Constantine Tsibouris1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|February 9, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mice detect target odors in complex mixtures, with accuracy mainly limited by odor concentration, not background smell complexity. Neural sensitivity, not background interference, dictates olfactory discrimination performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory system research
  • Animal behavior

Background:

  • Animals detect crucial odors amidst complex environmental scent variations.
  • Mice can identify target odors in mixtures, but how concentration and background complexity affect this is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how target odor concentration and background complexity jointly influence odor discrimination in mice.
  • To understand the constraints on olfactory perception in naturalistic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Mice trained on a two-alternative forced choice task to identify target odors in mixtures (up to 16 components).
  • Systematic variation of target odor concentration after performance stabilization.
  • Biophysically grounded model of olfactory bulb glomerular responses and manifold capacity analysis.

Main Results:

  • Discrimination accuracy decreased with lower target odor concentration.
  • Background complexity had minimal additional impact on discrimination accuracy.
  • A linear decoding model matched behavioral performance when neural noise, not background variability, was dominant.
  • Neural representations remained structured for odor discrimination across varying background complexities.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory discrimination operates in a noise-limited regime.
  • Target detectability is primarily constrained by neural sensitivity.
  • Background interference plays a lesser role than neural sensitivity in olfactory discrimination.