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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms
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A developmental timer coordinates organism-wide microRNA transcription.

Peipei Wu1, Jing Wang1, Brett Pryor2

  • 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, One Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724.

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|February 9, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists discovered a developmental timer in C. elegans involving MYRF-1 and LIN-42. This mechanism coordinates microRNA transcription, ensuring precise timing for tissue development and organismal growth.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Coordinated tissue development requires precise temporal control of cell fate transitions.
  • The mechanisms driving the rhythmic transcription of heterochronic microRNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans remain elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the source of developmental rhythms controlling microRNA transcription.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms coordinating stage-specific cell fate transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Identified a developmental timer involving transcription factor MYRF-1 and repressor LIN-42.
  • Investigated MYRF-1 binding to regulatory elements of microRNA genes.
  • Analyzed the interaction between LIN-42 and MYRF-1.

Main Results:

  • MYRF-1 drives synchronized, stage-specific transcriptional pulses of microRNAs across tissues.
  • MYRF-1 activates lin-42 expression, and LIN-42 feedback limits MYRF-1 activity.
  • This feedback loop generates organism-wide, phase-locked microRNA expression.

Conclusions:

  • A MYRF-1/LIN-42 feedback loop acts as a developmental timer in all somatic cells.
  • This timer couples tissue-specific development to organismal growth via synchronized microRNA expression.