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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Restorative Care01:19

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Restorative care is provided once a patient has been discharged from a healthcare facility and requires additional services. The additional services include home care, rehabilitation programs, and extended care. Restorative care centers help the patient regain their previous level of functioning or acquire a new level of functioning due to the incapacitating effects of a disease or a disability. It aims to assist patients in enhancing their quality of life by encouraging independence,...
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells
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Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells

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CMTM6-Silencing Microbial Immunotherapy Reprograms PDAC Tumors and Restores T-cell Function.

C Y Chabu1, R Kazmierczak1, M Hasani1

  • 1Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|February 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces iSTORM, a novel microbial immunotherapy that targets pancreatic cancer (PDAC) by colonizing tumors and enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. iSTORM demonstrates improved T-cell activation and tumor control, offering a promising new treatment strategy for PDAC.

Keywords:
CMTM6Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomamicrobial immunotherapy

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Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy
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Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial immunotherapy
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is largely resistant to current immunotherapies.
  • Dense fibrosis and immune suppression limit T-cell infiltration in PDAC.
  • Previous attenuated Salmonella strains showed limited efficacy and safety concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the tumor-targeting, immune remodeling, and safety profiles of CRC2631 and its derivative iSTORM for PDAC treatment.
  • To engineer a next-generation microbial therapy for enhanced anti-tumor immunity in PDAC.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain CRC2631 and its derivative iSTORM.
  • Assessed tumor colonization, immune cell infiltration, and transcriptional changes in PDAC models.
  • Investigated CMTM6 silencing and its effect on PD-L1 expression and T-cell activation.
  • Conducted toxicity studies to evaluate the safety profile of iSTORM.

Main Results:

  • CRC2631 and iSTORM preferentially colonized PDAC tumors.
  • iSTORM enhanced intratumoral CD8+ T cells and promoted T-cell activation.
  • iSTORM demonstrated deeper tumor control compared to CRC2631.
  • Lyophilized iSTORM formulation preserved immune remodeling and improved deployability.
  • iSTORM exhibited a favorable safety profile in toxicity studies.

Conclusions:

  • iSTORM is a safe and effective microbial immunotherapy platform for PDAC.
  • iSTORM selectively targets PDAC tumors, remodels the tumor microenvironment, and unleashes anti-tumor immune activity.
  • The glycan-guided, CMTM6-targeted bacterial platform holds potential for scalable PDAC treatment and other immunologically cold tumors.