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Related Concept Videos

Organic Compounds03:02

Organic Compounds

57.5K
All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...
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Volatilization01:10

Volatilization

6.2K
Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
6.2K
Molecules and Compounds02:38

Molecules and Compounds

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Atoms and Molecules
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Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

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An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
87.9K
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

26.9K
In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
26.9K
Classification of Elements and Compounds02:54

Classification of Elements and Compounds

73.4K
Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
Compounds are pure substances composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions. Compounds are classified as ionic or molecular (covalent) based on the bonds...
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Capturing Actively Produced Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds from Human-Associated Samples with Vacuum-Assisted Sorbent Extraction
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Direct Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds through Cationization Using ICP-MS/MS.

Takafumi Hirata1, Chihaya Kinoshita1, Maki Uezono1

  • 1Geochemical Research Center, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Mass Spectrometry (Tokyo, Japan)
|February 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new method uses cationization in inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) for soft ionization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This technique enhances VOC detection in solid samples, offering a rapid analytical solution.

Keywords:
ICP-MS/MSVOCscationizationlaser ablationmetal adduct ions

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are crucial indicators in various environmental and industrial applications.
  • Traditional methods for VOC detection often involve complex sample preparation and can lead to molecule fragmentation.
  • Inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) offers high sensitivity but typically uses harsh ionization conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel analytical technique for sensitive and selective VOC detection.
  • To explore cationization as a soft ionization method within ICP-MS/MS.
  • To assess the suitability of various elements for cationization of VOCs.

Main Methods:

  • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were introduced directly into the collision/reaction cell (CRC) of an ICP-MS/MS instrument, bypassing the ion source.
  • The interaction of eight VOCs with 21 different elements was investigated to evaluate cationization efficiency.
  • Benzene was used as a model compound to determine cation adduct production ratios ([C6H6 + E]+/E+).

Main Results:

  • The cationization approach enabled softer ionization, allowing for the detection of intact VOC molecules.
  • Elements with ionization energies between 650 and 900 kJ mol⁻¹ showed the highest cation adduct formation.
  • Cobalt, nickel, copper, ruthenium, palladium, and silver were identified as suitable elements for cationization.
  • Reduced fragmentation facilitated easier compound detection based on their mass-to-charge (m/z) values.
  • The technique was successfully applied to monitor VOCs released from coffee beans.

Conclusions:

  • Cationization in ICP-MS/MS provides a soft ionization pathway for VOC analysis.
  • This method significantly reduces fragmentation, enhancing the specificity of VOC detection.
  • The developed technique shows promise as a rapid analytical tool for VOCs in solid matrices.