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Agnostic capture of pathogens for the detection and diagnostics of emerging threats

Anastasiya Sakkos1, Brandon Saint-John2, Tomas Tyml1

  • 1DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Iscience
|February 9, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Rapid detection of emerging infectious threats is crucial for global health security. This study evaluates advanced technologies like sequencing and spectroscopy, emphasizing data integration for faster responses to novel pathogens.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Biosecurity
  • Infectious Disease Research

Background:

  • Emerging pathogens (novel, re-emerging, engineered) present a continuous global biosecurity and public health risk.
  • Recent outbreaks (COVID-19, Lassa fever, mpox, avian influenza) highlight the need for enhanced surveillance and diagnostics.
  • Current systems require improvement for rapid detection and response to prevent widespread transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate current early detection technologies for emerging pathogens.
  • To identify key technological approaches for broad, agnostic detection and characterization.
  • To emphasize the necessity of data infrastructure alongside technological innovation for effective preparedness.

Main Methods:

  • Focused evaluation of diagnostic and sensing modalities for pathogen detection.
  • Highlighting sequencing and spectroscopy as complementary detection techniques.
  • Analysis of data curation, integration, and sharing requirements for AI-ready resources.

Main Results:

  • Sequencing and spectroscopy offer broad, agnostic detection capabilities with rich biological insights.
  • Technological innovation must be coupled with robust data infrastructure for accelerated response.
  • Current preparedness strategies need enhancement in data management and sharing.

Conclusions:

  • Coordinated advancements in detection technology and data infrastructure are essential for identifying and characterizing emerging pathogens.
  • Leveraging modern scientific tools requires integrated approaches to combat evolving infectious threats.
  • Improved data curation and sharing are critical for building AI-ready resources to expedite future responses.
Keywords:
Environmental healthMicrobiologyPathogenic organismPublic health

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