Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 10, 2026
Longitudinal Follow-Up of Urinary Tract Infections and Their Treatment in Mice using Bioluminescence Imaging
Published on: June 14, 2021
Sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of idiopathic non-obstructive urinary retention: A long-term follow-up case
Walter Fagundes1, Sérgio Dantas2, Martin Kotochinsky3
1Department of Neurosurgery, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
Background:
Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a treatment used to manage urinary symptoms of both overactive bladder and non-obstructive urinary retention. The use of SNM in managing these symptoms has yielded positive results, contributing to a reduction in symptoms and an improvement in quality of life (QoL) for patients. This article aims to report on the electrical neurostimulation of sacral nerves to treat idiopathic non-obstructive urinary retention.
Case Description:
A 27-year-old female presented with chronic non-obstructive idiopathic urinary retention, using intermittent bladder catheterization, who did not respond to various treatments such as behavioral therapy, pelvic floor physiotherapy, and alpha-blockers. She underwent a sphincter injection of botulinum toxin type A. Due to the refractoriness of all previous treatments, electrical neurostimulation of the sacral nerves was proposed as an alternative. Two electrodes were implanted to stimulate the sacral nerves percutaneously in the foramina of S4 on both sides and connected to the neurostimulation system.
Conclusion:
After the procedure, the patient experienced a reduction in the average voiding residue (47% immediately postoperative and 29% after 1 year), a significant decrease in urinary tract infections and bladder catheterizations (50% reduction), along with improvements in urinary symptoms, abdominal discomfort, and a substantial enhancement in QoL.
Related Concept Videos
01:05Long-term Depression
01:24Data Reporting and Recording
01:13Introduction to Urinary System
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
01:23Urinary Bladder
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
01:20Disorders of the Urinary System
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
01:25Types of Reports I: Hands-off Report
Following are the key components and categories of hand-off reports:
Purpose and Process: