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Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes
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Hypertriglyceridemia in Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated With T Regulatory Cell Dysfunction.

Karthik Raj1, Seema Garg1, Mohit Mehndiratta1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.

Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis
|February 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients impairs T-regulatory (Treg) cell function, indicated by reduced FOXP3 and IL-10 expression. This dysfunction may increase vascular complication risk, highlighting Tregs as a therapeutic target.

Keywords:
Forkhead box P3 proteinHypertriglyceridemiaIL-10Regulatory T-cellsType 2 diabetes mellitus

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) independently elevate vascular complication risk.
  • Inflammation is a key pathological mechanism linking HTG, T2DM, and vascular disease.
  • T-regulatory (Treg) cells (CD4+CD25+forkheadbox-P3(FoxP3)+) regulate inflammation via IL-10 secretion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Treg cell function markers in T2DM patients with and without HTG.
  • To assess the impact of HTG on FOXP3 and IL-10 gene expression in T2DM patients.
  • To evaluate serum soluble CD25 (sCD25) levels as a potential indicator of Treg dysfunction in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to measure FOXP3 and IL-10 gene expression.
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify serum sCD25 levels.
  • Comparison of gene expression and protein levels between T2DM patients with normal triglycerides (DNT group) and those with HTG (DHTg group).

Main Results:

  • DHTg patients exhibited significantly reduced FOXP3 and IL-10 gene expression compared to the DNT group.
  • Serum sCD25 levels were significantly higher in the DHTg group (p=0.04).
  • FOXP3 and IL-10 expression showed a positive correlation in both patient groups, with reductions observed across different body mass index categories in the DHTg cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Compromised Treg function, evidenced by reduced FOXP3 and IL-10, is present in T2DM patients with HTG.
  • This Treg impairment may exacerbate inflammatory stress, contributing to atherosclerosis risk.
  • Elevated sCD25 and obesity's influence on Treg function warrant further investigation, suggesting Tregs as a potential therapeutic target.